FEMP Lights II: Technology

Syllabus 

Section -  II-1 |  II-2 |  II-3 |

The Course Focus:

The course focuses on managing lighting efficiency retrofits for the workplace. It is designed for building or facility Energy Managers, or anyone who wants to get up-to-speed and up-to-date on lighting efficiency for the workplace. The class addresses workplace lighting, including offices, institutional, industrial and warehouse spaces. The class does not cover special issues for outdoor lighting, retail or residential lighting. The course complements other FEMP workshops by stressing the integration of efficient lighting with whole building energy analysis and life cycle cost analysis. Release of course materials is timed so that students must complete the quiz for the section to gain access to the next course lessons

Objectives: Before the course has officially begins for the term, the students will have establish an Internet account, and work out any bugs with viewing the PowerPoint files. They are also given an overview of the goals of the course.
Reading: II-0welcome.ppt.

Section II-1

II-1.1 - Incandescent lamps
Objective: The students will learn the pros and cons of incandescent light sources. They will also be able to differentiate between the various lamp shapes and incandescent technologies (standard, krypton fill gas, halogen and HIR). Emergency lighting is briefly discussed and finishes with a comparison of incandescent and LED (Light Emitting Diode) sources for exit signs.
Optional Activities: Describe where using incandescent light sources can be an efficiency choice. A description of how halogen lamps are more efficacious than their standard incandescent counterparts.
Reading: II-11incand.ppt. 

II-1.2 - Full Sized Fluorescent Lamps
Objective: Students will learn about the nomenclature for fluorescent lamp wattage, diameter, and color temperature. Lumen depreciation, lamp life and starting methods will be differentiated. The pros and cons of fluorescent lamps will be enumerated.
Reading: II-12FFL.ppt. 

II-1.3 - Fluorescent Ballasts
Objective: Fluorescent ballasts will be categorized between magnetic, electronic and dimming. The lesson will compare the luminous efficacies of lamp/ballast combinations and introduce the concept of the ballast factor.
Optional Activities: Students will be asked to make relative comparisons of lamp/ballast efficacies from the values provided in the lesson.
Reading: II-13ballast.ppt. 

II-1.4 - Compact Fluorescent Lamps and Ballasts
Objective: Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL’s) will be categorized in terms of starting mode, shape, ballast type and integral versus two piece. Practical methods of differentiating CFL’s will be described. Guidelines will be given on selecting the correct CFL to replace a given incandescent lamp and selecting the correct ballast to match a given CFL. The characteristics of similar technology, induction lamps, will be presented.
Optional Activities: Exercise on specifying color temperature of CFL’s and light output.
Reading: II-14CFL.ppt

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Section II-2

II-2.1 - High Intensity Discharge Lamps
Objective: The characteristics of mercury vapor, metal halide and high pressure sodium will be compared. This will include discussions of lamp life, luminous efficacy, lamp types, color rendering, ballast types, re-strike time, sensitivity to position and appropriate applications.
Reading: 11-21HID.ppt. 

II-2.2 - Luminaires
Objective: The features of various luminaire types will be explained and luminaire types will be matched to their appropriate applications. New luminaire selection and reflector retrofits will be described. The impacts luminaire selection has on actual power draw and light levels are described.II-22FIXT.ppt 

II-2.3 - Lighting Controls
Objective: Manual and automatic controls reduce lamp burning hours. The students will learn principles of operation, and selection guidelines for a variety of controls. The lesson will cover a range of control strategies including: multi-level switching, time or photocell switching, occupancy sensing, daylight harvesting, lumen maintenance, adaptation compensation, and demand management.
Reading: II-23CONTRL.ppt. 

II-2.4 - New Developments in Lighting Technology
Objective: The lesson will provide a view of new lighting technologies that are recently adapted to the marketplace or are on the horizon. This view of promising technologies will be tempered by descriptions of other up and coming technologies that resulted in as much problems as benefits. Recommendations will be given on how to incorporate new technologies into lighting upgrades. Some commercially technologies described: T-5 Fluorescent Lamps, Super T-8 Fluorescent Lamps, Ceramic Metal Halide, Electrodeless (Induction) Fluorescent, LED and Low Mercury Fluorescent.
Reading: II-24NEWTEK.ppt.

II-2.5 - Daylighting
Objective: This lesson will explain the advantage of displacing electric lighting with daylight that can substantially reduce electricity consumption in our workplaces. Daylighting design principles, via toplighting or sidelighting, will be illustrated. Integration with electric lighting design and control selection will be emphasized.
Reading: II-25Daylight.ppt.

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Section II-3

II-3.1 - Lighting Power Density
Objective: Peak load and connected lighting load will be differentiated. Calculation methods of allowed lighting power density and control credits for compliance with energy codes, specifically ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 will be described. The effect of controls on energy consumption, peak demand and energy costs will be discussed.
Optional Activities: Observe and calculate the Lighting Power Density at the student’s site and calculate the annual operating costs.
Reading: II-31LPD.ppt.

II-3.2 - Lighting Maintenance: A hidden energy resource
Objective: Spot maintenance versus group re-lamping. Lamp, room surface dirt , and luminaire dirt depreciation components of the light loss factor will be discussed relative to maintenance and cleaning.
Optionall Activities: Observe the light loss factor at your site.
Reading: II-32MAINT.ppt.

II-3.3 - Costs and Benefits Analysis
Objective: Estimating costs and benefits of efficient lighting. Maintenance, HVAC interaction effects, productivity gains and environmental benefits will be addressed as part of comparing costs and benefits.
Reading: II-33COST.ppt.

II-3.4 - Life Cycle Costing
Objective: The students will become familiar with the economic analysis metrics of Federal Life Cycle Costing, and Savings to Investment Ratios. Discount rates, escalation rates, single and uniform present worth factors, period of analysis and sensitivity analysis will be applied to this presentation of life cycle costing.
Reading: II-34LCC.ppt.

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